At present, there are more than 80 kinds of common anti-tumor drugs in the world, which can be roughly divided into the following 6 categories: cytotoxic drugs, hormone drugs, biological reaction regulators, monoclonal antibody drugs, other drugs and adjuvants.
1. Cytotoxic drugs
(1) Drugs acting on the chemical structure of DNA
① Alkylating agents and nitrogen mustards (such as nitrogen mustard, nitrogen mustard phenylbutyrate, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, etc.), cetidipine (such as cetidipine, etc.), nitrourine (such as carmustine, simustine, etc.) and methyl sulfonate esters (such as busulfan, etc.)
② Platinum compounds (such as cisplatin, carboplatin and platinum oxalate)
③ Mitomycin (e.g. mitomycin, etc.)
(2) Drugs affecting nucleic acid synthesis
① Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (such as methotrexate, pemetrexed, etc.)
② Thymus nucleoside synthase inhibitors (e.g. 5-FU, FT-207, capecitabine, etc.)
③ Purine nucleotide synthase inhibitors (such as 6-mercaptopurine, 6-TG, etc.)
④ Nucleotide reductase inhibitors (e.g. hydroxyurea, etc.)
⑤ DNA polymerase inhibitors (such as cytarabine, gemcitabine, etc.)
(3) Drugs acting on nucleic acid transcription
Drugs that selectively act on DNA templates and inhibit DNA dependent RNA polymerase, thereby inhibiting RNA synthesis (such as actinomycin D, daunorubicin, adriamycin, epirubicin, aclamycin, guangromycin, etc.)
(4) Topoisomerase I inhibitors acting on DNA replication (such as irinotecan, topotecan, hydroxycamptothecin, etc.)
(5) Drugs that mainly interfere with tubulin synthesis in mitotic M phase (such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinblastine, norvinblastine, podophylline, homoharringtonine, etc.)
(6) Other cellular poisons (e.g. asparaginase)
2. Hormone drugs
(1) Anti estrogen (such as tamoxifen, toremifene, exemestane, etc.)
(2) Aromatase inhibitors (e.g. aminophenethylpiperidone, formestan, letrozole, anastrozole, etc.)
(3) Progesterone (e.g. megestrone, megestrone, etc.)
(4) Sex hormones (such as methyltestosterone, testosterone propionate, diethylstilbestrol, etc.)
(5) Antiandrogen (e.g. flutamide, etc.)
(6) Rh-lh agonist / antagonist (e.g. goserelin, leuprorelin acetate, etc.)
3. Biological reaction regulator
It mainly inhibits tumor through immune function
(1) Interferon
(2) Interleukin-2
(3) Thymic peptides
4. Monoclonal antibody drugs
(e.g. rituximab injection, trastuzumab for injection, bevacizumab, etc.)
5. Other drugs
(1) Cell differentiation inducers (such as retinoids, arsenite, etc.)
(2) Apoptosis inducer
(3) Angiogenesis inhibitor
(4) Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (such as gefitinib, erlotinib, etc.)
(5) Gene therapy, cell and molecule targeted drugs
(6) Tumor vaccine
6. Adjuvant
Important adjuvant drugs in tumor therapy
(1) Blood boosting drugs (such as G-CSF, GM-CSF, interleukin-11, EPO, etc.)
(2) Antiemetic drugs (such as ondansetron, granisetron hydrochloride, etc.)
(3) Analgesics (such as aspirin, paracetamol, codeine, tramadol, morphine, fentanyl, etc.)
(4) Osteoclast inhibiting drugs (such as disodium clodronate, disodium pamidronate, etc.)